The damaging effect of ozone in the respiratory system / 中国职业医学

The global issue of ozone pollution is becoming increasingly prominent. Previous epidemiological studies suggested that ozone might cause respiratory system damage and increase the risk of mortality from all causes, as well as respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. It results in severe illness and economic burden. Ozone can also lead to lung inflammation, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, increasing susceptibility to pathogen infections and affecting lung development. Some studies have observed upregulated of serum amyloid-like protein A and neutrophil chemotactic keratinocyte chemoattractant in mice exposed to ozone, along with increased percentage of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, total protein, oxidative proteins, lactate, and phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Ozone exposure could cause enlarged alveolar spaces, granulocyte infiltration, type 2 inflammation, mucus obstruction, and metaplasia of mucus cells in the lungs of mice. When mass concentration of ozone was 1.962 mg/m3, rats showed necrosis and detachment of bronchial ciliated cells, swelling of type 1 alveolar epithelial cells, disruption of endothelium in capillaries, and increased emptying of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. At a mass concentration of 5.886 mg/m3, monkeys showed degeneration or complete loss of the inner layers of alveolar epithelium, partial pulmonary interstitial edema, and thickening of the blood-air barrier. Ozone could induce oxidative stress, leading to increased oxidative stress response in cells. Particular attention should be paid to personal protection for workers exposed to ozone, researches on the mechanisms related to ozone, as well as the development of corresponding treatments, preventive drugs, and medical devices.

Efficacy and safety of a parylene-coated occluder for atrial septal defect: a prospective, multi-center, randomized controlled clinical trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Nitinol-containing devices are widely used in clinical practice. However, there are concerns about nickel release after nitinol-containing device implantation. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of a parylene-coated occluder vs. a traditional nitinol-containing device for atrial septal defect (ASD).@*METHODS@#One-hundred-and-eight patients with ASD were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to either the trial group to receive a parylene-coated occluder (n = 54) or the control group to receive a traditional occluder (n = 54). The plugging success rate at 6 months after device implantation and the pre- and post-implantation serum nickel levels were compared between the two groups. A non-inferiority design was used to prove that the therapeutic effect of the parylene-coated device was non-inferior to that of the traditional device. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test with adjustment for central effects was used for the comparison between groups.@*RESULTS@#At 6 months after implantation, successful ASD closure was achieved in 52 of 53 patients (98.11%) in both the trial and control groups (95% confidence interval (CI): [-4.90, 5.16]) based on per-protocol set analysis. The absolute value of the lower limit of the 95% CI was 4.90%, which was less than the specified non-inferiority margin of 8%. No deaths or severe complications occurred during 6 months of follow-up. The serum nickel levels were significantly increased at 2 weeks and reached the maximum value at 1 month after implantation in the control group (P  0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The efficacy of a parylene-coated ASD occluder is non-inferior to that of a traditional uncoated ASD occluder. The parylene-coated occluder prevents nickel release after device implantation and may be an alternative for ASD, especially in patients with a nickel allergy.

Seed oil of Brucea javanica induces apoptosis through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in acute lymphocytic leukemia Jurkat cells / 中国天然药物

Brucea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) has been used to treat tumor in China for more than 40 years. However, its components and effectiveness in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and its mechanism of anti-cancer activity remain unknown. In the current study, high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) was used to analyze the components of BJOE. Then, the anti-leukemia effects of BJOE were examined both in vitro and in vivo using ALL Jurkat cells and the p388 mouse leukemia transplant model, respectively. The primary ALL leukemia cells were also used to confirm the anti-leukemia effects of BJOE. The apoptotic-related results indicated that BJOE induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells and were suggestive of intrinsic apoptotic induction. Moreover, BJOE inhibited Akt (protein kinase B) activation and upregulated its downstream targets p53 and FoxO1 (forkhead box gene, group O-1) to initiate apoptosis. The activation of GSK3β was also involved. Our findings demonstrate that BJOE has anti-leukemia effects on ALL cells and can induce apoptosis in Jurkat cells through the phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K) /Akt signaling pathway.

Comparable efficacy of 100 mg aspirin twice daily and rivaroxaban for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis following primary total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Aspirin has demonstrated safety and efficacy for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following total hip arthroplasty (THA); however, inconsistent dose regimens have been reported in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the safety and efficacy of 100 mg aspirin twice daily with rivaroxaban in VTE prophylaxis following THA.@*METHODS@#Patients undergoing elective unilateral primary THA between January 2019 and January 2020 were prospectively enrolled in the study and randomly allocated to receive 5 weeks of VTE prophylaxis with either oral enteric-coated aspirin (100 mg twice daily) or rivaroxaban (10 mg once daily). Medication safety and efficacy were comprehensively evaluated through symptomatic VTE incidence, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) on Doppler ultrasonography, total blood loss (TBL), laboratory bloodwork, Harris hip score (HHS), post-operative recovery, and the incidence of other complications.@*RESULTS@#We included 70 patients in this study; 34 and 36 were allocated to receive aspirin and rivaroxaban prophylaxis, respectively. No cases of symptomatic VTE occurred in this study. The DVT rate on Doppler ultrasonography in the aspirin group was not significantly different from that in the rivaroxaban group (8.8% vs. 8.3%, χ2 = 0.01, P = 0.91), confirming the non-inferiority of aspirin for DVT prophylaxis (χ2 = 2.29, P = 0.01). The calculated TBL in the aspirin group (944.9 mL [658.5-1137.8 mL]) was similar to that in the rivaroxaban group (978.3 mL [747.4-1740.6mL]) (χ2 = 1.55, P = 0.12). However, there were no significant inter-group differences in HHS at post-operative day (POD) 30 (Aspirin: 81.0 [78.8-83.0], Rivaroxaban: 81.0 [79.3-83.0], χ2 = 0.43, P = 0.67) and POD 90 (Aspirin: 90.0 [89.0-92.0], Rivaroxaban: 91.5 [88.3-92.8], χ2 = 0.77, P = 0.44), the incidence of bleeding events (2.9% vs. 8.3%, χ2 = 0.96, P = 0.33), or gastrointestinal complications (2.9% vs. 5.6%, χ2 = 1.13, P = 0.29).@*CONCLUSION@#In terms of safety and efficacy, the prophylactic use of 100 mg aspirin twice daily was not statistically different from that of rivaroxaban in preventing VTE and reducing the risk of blood loss following elective primary THA. This supports the use of aspirin chemoprophylaxis following THA as a less expensive and more widely available option for future THAs.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION@#Chictr.org, ChiCTR18000202894; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=33284.

Evaluating continence recovery time after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate urinary continence recovery time and risk factors of urinary continence recovery after robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP).@*METHODS@#From January 2019 to January 2021, a consecutive series of patients with localized prostate cancer (cT1-T3, cN0, cM0) were prospectively collected. RARP with total anatomical reconstruction was performed in all the cases by an experienced surgeon. Lymph node dissection was performed if the patient was in high-risk group according to the D'Amico risk classification. The primary endpoint was urinary continence recovery time after catheter removal. Postoperative and pathological variables were analyzed. Continence was rigo-rously analyzed 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after catheter removal. Continence was evaluated by recording diaper pads used per day, and all the patients were instructed to perform the 24-hour pad weight test until full recovery of urinary continence. The patient was defined as continent if no more than one safety pad were needed per day, or no more than 20-gram urine leakage on the 24-hour pad weight test. Time from catheter removal to full recovery of urinary continence was recorded, and risk factors influencing continence recovery time evaluated.@*RESULTS@#In total, 166 patients were analyzed. The mean age of the enrolled patients was 66.2 years, and the median prostate specific antigen (PSA) was 8.51 μg/L. A total of 59 patients (35.5%) had bilateral lymphatic dissection, and 28 (16.9%) underwent neurovascular bundle (NVB) preservation surgery. Postoperative pathology results showed that stage pT1 in 1 case (0.6%), stage pT2 in 77 cases (46.4%), stage pT3 in 86 cases (51.8%), and positive margins in 28 patients (16.9%). Among patients who underwent lymph node dissection, lymph node metastasis was found in 7 cases (11.9%). Median continence recovery time was one week. The number of the continent patients at the end of 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks were 65 (39.2%), 32 (19.3%), 34 (20.5%), 24 (14.5%), and 9 (5.4%). Two patients remained incontinent 24 weeks after catheter removal. The continence rates after catheter removal at the end of 48 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks were 39.2%, 58.4%, 78.9%, 93.4%, and 98.8%, respectively. Univariate COX analysis revealed that diabetes appeared to influence continence recovery time (OR=1.589, 95%CI: 1.025-2.462, P=0.038). At the end of 48 hours, 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks after catheter removal, the mean OABSS score of the continent group was significantly lower than that of the incontinent group.@*CONCLUSION@#RARP showed promising results in the recovery of urinary continence. Diabetes was a risk factor influencing continence recovery time. Bladder overactive symptoms play an important role in the recovery of continence after RARP.

Prognostic factors for failure of transvaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula: A nested case-control study / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the prognostic factors affecting the failure of transvaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF).@*METHODS@#A retrospective nested case-control study was conducted. A total of 15 patients who underwent unsuccessful transvaginal vesicovaginal fistula repair in the Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital from January 2014 to December 2020 were enrolled as the case group. A total of 60 patients receiving transvaginal vesicovaginal fistula repair by the same surgeon within the same time range, were selected as the control group. The age, body mass index (BMI), etiology of vesicovaginal fistula, associated genitourinary malformation, frequency of repair, characteristics of fistula, surgical procedure, postoperative recovery and other factors were compared between the case group and the control group, and the influencing factors of failure were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The BMI of the case group was (26.3±3.9) kg/m2, the diameter of vaginal fistula was (1.5±0.8) cm, and the operative time of transvaginal repair was (111.8±19.8) min. The proportion of the patients with genitourinary malformations was 4/15, the proportion of the patients with multiple vaginal repairs was 13/15, the proportion of the patients with concurrent ureteral reimplantation was 6/15, and the proportion of the patients with postoperative fever was 5/15. In the control group, the BMI was (23.9±3.0) kg/m2, the diameter of vaginal fistula was (0.8±0.5) cm, the operative time of transvaginal repair was (99.9±19.7) min, the rate of associated genitourinary malformation was 2/60, the rate of multiple transvaginal repair was 18/60, the rate of concurrent ureteral reimplantation was 5/60, and no postoperative fever was found. Compared with the control group, the case group had higher BMI (P=0.013), bigger vaginal fistula (P=0.002), longer time of operation (P=0.027), higher proportion of genitourinary malformations (P=0.013), higher proportion of repeated transvaginal repair (P < 0.001), higher proportion of ureter reimplantation (P=0.006), and higher proportion of postoperative fever (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that fistula diameter ≥1 cm (OR=10.45, 95%CI=1.90-57.56, P=0.007) and repeated transvaginal repair (OR=16.97, 95%CI=3.17-90.91, P=0.001) were independent prognostic factors for VVF failure in transvaginal repair.@*CONCLUSION@#Fistula diameter ≥1 cm and repeated transvaginal repair are independent prognostic factors of failure in transvaginal repair.

Clinical anatomical study on the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome with classic Acupotomy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the safety of classic Acupotomy in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome.@*METHODS@#Twenty six adult specimens (15 males and 11 females), aged 60 to 95(82.54±6.94) years old, were selected from 10% formalin antiseptic fixation. There were 52 sides(two of them could not be tested). The study period was from November 2017 to May 2018. The specimens were collected from the body donation center of the school of basic medicine, Peking University. The operation of releasing the transverse carpal ligament on the human body specimen was simulated by the classic acupotomy, and the distance from the four points to the surrounding anatomical structure was measured to calculate the direct injury rate to the nerve and blood vessels, and the shortest distance between the acupotomy and the nerve and blood vessels was defined as ≥2 mm as safety.@*RESULTS@#In the experimental operation, the direct injury rate of nerve and blood vessel was 14% and 12% respectively. There was significant difference in the rate of direct nerve injury between the four injection points (0.05). Among the four points, there was a statistically significant difference in the safety of nerves(<0.05), and the safety of point 1 and point 3 of radial injection was higher than that of point 2 and point 4 of ulnar injection(<0.05). There was significant difference in the safety of blood vessels between the four points(<0.05), and the safety of radial point 1 was higher than that of ulnar point 2 and point 4 (<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The safety of the classic Acupotomy for carpal tunnel syndrome is related to the location of the needle entry point, and the safety of theradial proximal end of the needle is the highest.

Mechanism of psoralen in aggravating hepatotoxicity induced by CCl_4 by delaying liver regeneration / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate whether psoralen can aggravate hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4) by inducing hepatocyte cycle arrest and delaying liver regeneration. Female C57 BL/6 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomly divided into control group, model group(CCl_4 group), combined group(CCl_4+PSO group) and psoralen group(PSO group). CCl_4 group and CCl_4+PSO group were given CCl_4 intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 μL·kg~(-1) once; olive oil of the same volume was given to control group and PSO group intraperitoneally; 12 h, 36 h and 60 h after CCl_4 injection, PSO group and CCl_4+PSO group were administrated with PSO intragastrically at a dose of 200 mg·kg~(-1); 0.5% CMC-Na of the same volume was administrated to control group and PSO group intragastrically. The weight of mice was recorded every day. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) were measured at 36 h, 60 h and 84 h after CCl_4 injection. Mice were sacrificed after collection of the last serum samples. Liver samples were collected, and liver weight was recorded. Histopathological and morphological changes of liver were observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA levels of HGF, TGF-β, TNF-α, p53 and p21 in liver were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot was used to detect the levels of cell cycle-related proteins. According to the results, significant increase of serum ALT and AST and centrilobular necrosis with massive inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in CCl_4+PSO group. After PSO administration in CCl_4 model, the mRNA levels of HGF(hepatocyte growth factor) and TNF-α were reduced, while the mRNA expressions of TGF-β, p53 and p21 was up-regulated. The expression of PCNA(proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was significantly increased in CCl_4 and CCl_4+PSO group, while the relative protein level in CCl_4+PSO group was slightly lower than that in CCl_4 group. Compared with control and CCl_4 group, the expression of p27(cyclic dependent kinase inhibitor protein p27) was prominently increased in CCl_4+PSO group. These results indicated that hepatotoxicity induced by CCl_4 could be aggravated by intraperitoneal administration with PSO, and the repair process of liver could be delayed. The preliminary mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PCNA and regulation of some cell cycle-associated protein by psoralen, in which the significant up-regulation of p27, p53 and p21 may play important roles.

Structure-activity relationship analysis of novel farnesyl transferase inhibitors / 药学学报

Farnesyltransferase (FTase) was selected as a target for virtual screening of inhibitors using the Glide v4.0 program in the Schrödinger software package. We discovered 13 novel structures as farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) with moderate potency. By analyzing the binding modes of representative compounds 8 (IC50 = 2.29 μmol·L-1) and 18 (IC50 = 0.41 μmol·L-1) with farnesyltransferase, it was found that compounds 8 and 18 didn't coordinate with Zn2+, indicating that the coordination between FTIs with Zn2+ is not essential for the bioactivity of the inhibitors. The structure-activity relationship was summarized by analyzing the predicted binding modes of representative compounds. It was found that the scaffolds of the discovered FTIs had room for structural optimization, which lay foundation for obtaining highly active and selective FTIs.

Clinical manifestations and imaging analysis of cervicogenic headache / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characteristics and mechanism of cervicogenic headache.@*METHODS@#Fifty-seven patients with cervicogenic headache who were treated from May 2013 to December 2017 and had complete imaging data were selected, including 18 males and 39 females with an average age of(43.26±10.39) years old ranging from 20 to 63 years old. The duration of the disease was 4 months to 35 years with a mean of (11.74±9.47) years. The pain situation, iconography and Tinel sign were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The patients with cervicogenic headache often had bilateral pain. The regions mainly concentrated in the temporal region, with occipital, head or orbit pains. The VAS scores decreased with the duration of the disease. There were many cases of disc herniation(91.30%), vertebral instability(73.91%), atlantoaxial displacement(56.52%), curvature change of cervicogenic vertebra(54.35%). The number of positive Tinel sign points was between 3 and 24 (13.58±5.8) per patient. The number and extent of Tinel sign were significantly different between the affected side and healthy side(<0.05). C₂,₃ facet joints(92.98%), post mastoid(89.47%), occipital concavity(89.47%), C₃,₄ facet joints(84.21%), third occipital nerve(80.70%) were the positive Tinel sign points in patients with cervicogenic headache.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The iconography changes of cervicogenic headache and Tinel sign may contribute to the clinical diagnosis and mechanism of the disease.

Research progress of stenosing tenosynovitis of radial styloid process based on anatomical structure / 中国骨伤

Stenosing tenosynovitis of styloid process of radius(de Quervain's disease) which abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis in the first extensor chamber are affected by resistance when sliding, the incidence is affected by anatomical variations. Symptoms, signs and auxiliary examinations can diagnose the disease. Slight dQS can be improved by rest, brace, restriction activities, and oral medications. Chinese medicine and physiotherapy also reduce the disease. Needle knife therapy is a Traditional Chinese medicine minimally invasive surgery, which is also a step-by-step treatment between conservative treatment and open surgery to loosening the compression of the first extensor chamber. Steroid injection is a more common treatment in this disease, and its efficacy is related to the accuracy of the injection and is affected by the severity of the patient's anatomical variation. Identifying the spacing within the first extensor chamber under ultrasound can help patients better choose conservative or surgical treatment. Surgical treatment can more completely change the condition of dQD from anatomical structure, and clinical should pay attention to the choice of surgical procedure to improve the efficacy and reduce the occurrence of surgical complications. This article discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of the disease from the perspective of anatomical structure. It mainly analyzes the therapeutic targets and the clinical application, which aims to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of de Quervain disease.

A survey of risk factors and quality of life in female medical staff with urinary incontinence / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore risk factors of urinary incontinence (UI) and influences of UI on quality of life in female medical staff from Beijing.@*METHODS@#One hundred and forty-six female medical personnel were included in the present study through the convenient sampling method in Peking University First Hospital. The questionnaires contained the following information: demographic information, daily urination condition, the severity of UI [international consultation on incontinence questionnaire short form (ICI-Q-SF)], and the influences of UI on quality of life (QOL). We excluded the subjects who were in pregnancy or had urinary infection, neurogenic bladder, or urethral stricture. We used SPSS 21.0 software (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) for statistical analysis. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test determined the normality of the continuous variables. Means and standard deviation presented continuous variables in normality. Median and range presented continuous variables without normality. Frequency and percentile were used to present categorical or ranked variables.@*RESULTS@#There were 63 out of 146 (43.2%) female medical staff suffering from UI. The mean age and body mass index of the whole study cohort were (39.4±9.9) years and (22.3±3.4) kg/m2. The median delivery times of all the subjects were 1 time (range: 0-3 times). Fifty out of 146 (34.2%) subjects had transvaginal delivery history. Chronic constipation was diagnosed in 32 subjects (21.9%). No significant difference in daytime micturition and nocturia times were found between the UI and non-UI subjects. According to the multivariate analysis, chronic constipation (OR=4.95, 95%CI=1.81-13.53, P=0.002) and transvaginal delivery history (OR=3.50, 95%CI=1.49-8.21, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for UI. The non-UI subjects had superior quality of life than the UI subjects in terms of incontinence quality of life (I-QOL) total scores and all sub-scores of avoidance and limiting behaviors, psychosocial impacts, and social embarrassment (P<0.001). In addition, avoidance and limiting behaviors (r=-0.449, P<0.001), psychosocial impacts (r=-0.538, P<0.001), and social embarrassment (r=-0.454, P<0.001) of the 63 UI subjects were equally influenced by the incontinence symptom.@*CONCLUSION@#UI is not uncommon in female medical staff. The quality of life of medical faculty is influenced by UI in terms of avoidance and limiting behaviors, psychosocial impacts, and social embarrassment. Chronic constipation and transvaginal delivery history were independent risk factors for UI.

Expression of β3GnT8 in gastric cancer and its clinical significance / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To study the expression and the clinical significance of β3GnT8,MMP-2,PCNA in gastric cancer tissue. Methods The histological chips of paraffin specimens of gastric cancer were prepared,and immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of β3GnT8,MMP-2 and PCNA in gastric cancer and adjacent tissue. Results The expression of β3GnT8 and MMP-2,PCNA in gastric cancer was higher than that in adjacent tissue (P = 0. 001) . The expression of β3GnT8 and MMP-2 was significantly positively correlated with the clinical stage (P = 0. 001) ,depth of invasion (P = 0. 011) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0. 003) of gastric cancer. The expression of β3GnT8 was significantly positively correlated with that of MMP-2 (r = 0. 703,P = 0. 001) and PCNA (r = 0. 231,P = 0. 024) . The overall survival time of the β3GnT8 positive expression group was significantly shorter than that of the negative expression group(χ2 = 3. 957,P = 0. 047) . Conclusion The expression of β3GnT8 is increased in gastric cancer. β3GnT8 can promote the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.

Determination of Place of Residence Using the Gene Information of Plants Carried by the Human Body / 法医学杂志

Objective To identify the plant species using the DNA sequence of plant pollen from lung tissues of a unidentified body, infer the possible long-term places of residence of the deceased according to the distribution area of the pollen in the lung tissues, therefore narrow the scope of criminal investigation and provide clues for case solving. Methods Lung tissues were extracted from the deceased, total DNA was extracted by the mCTAB method. Gene fragments of the two plant DNA barcodes, matK and rbcL, were acquired using specific primers for amplification, then sequenced. The DNA sequences of target gene fragments were acquired through bioinformatics analysis. The sequences were combined with reference sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis was made to identify the species that the DNA sequences belonged to. The places where the deceased could have lived for a long time were inferred, according to the distribution information of plant species. Results Gene fragments of 32 plant species which belonged to 31 genera of 27 families were in the lung tissues of the deceased. Among them, plants of 9 genera that had certain indicative function were mainly endemic plants from Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. These results showed that the deceased may have stayed in these areas for a long time before death. After further investigation, the victim was confirmed to have come from a county in southern Guangxi, which was in accordance with the research results. Conclusion The method of using gene information of plants from lung tissues of human bodies to infer places of residence can assist inference of the places where the deceased could have lived for a long time. The present study may also provide new ideas for locating sources of the corpses in cases with unidentified victims.

Forensic Analysis of 25 Cases of Diffuse Brain Atrophy after Trauma / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the forensic features of diffuse brain atrophy after trauma, the relationship between age and interval time of post-traumatic brain atrophy, and the relationship between the degree of craniocerebral injury and that of brain atrophy.@*METHODS@#The forensic features of 25 cases of diffuse brain atrophy after craniocerebral trauma were retrospectively analyzed from aspects of gender, age, craniocerebral injury characteristics, and imaging characteristics of brain atrophy. Pearson correlation analysis was used for statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#Diffuse brain atrophy after trauma could occur in any age group, dominated by severe brain injury. The Pearson correlation coefficients （r） between the time interval of brain atrophy and age were 0.442 （ P<0.05）, 0.341 （P>0.05）, and 0.904 （ P<0.05） for the overall cases, the group over age 50, and the group under age 50, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the degree of brain injury and that of brain atrophy was 0.579 （ P<0.05）, and that between severe brain injury and brain atrophy was 0.788 （ P<0.05）.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The more serious the brain injury, the more severe the brain atrophy. Various degrees of diffuse brain atrophy can occur in severe craniocerebral injury, and diffuse brain atrophy is usually mild and moderate after mild and moderate craniocerebral injury. In the practice of forensic clinical identification, a comprehensive analysis should be conducted with the combination of case materials when the identified person has high risk factors leading to brain atrophy （e.g., hypertension, diabetes, etc.）, plus injury and illness relationship analysis if necessary.

Effects of polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba on proliferation of 4T1 breast cancer cells and expression of GLUT family genes / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of polysac-charides from Ginkgo biloba on the proliferation, apop-tosis of mouse 4T1 breast cancer cells and the possible mechanism. Methods 4T1 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba of different concentrations. The effect of poly-saccharides from Ginkgo biloba on inhibition of prolif-eration and cytotoxicity of 4T1 cells was determined by MTT assay and trypan blue exclusion assay respective-ly. The apoptotic effect of polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba on 4T1 cells was detected by DAPI staining. qRT-PCR experiments were carried out for the detec-tion of gene expressions of the glucose transporter fami-ly upon the treatment with the polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba. Results Polysaccharides from either Ginkgo biloba leaf or Ginkgo biloba exocarp significant-ly inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. Moreover, with the increasing doses of polysaccharides, cell viability decreased, ac-companied by the increased cell cytotoxicity and apop-tosis. qRT-PCR results showed that polysaccharides from Ginkgo biloba significantly reduced glucose trans-porter 1 gene expression. Conclusions Polysaccha-rides from Ginkgo biloba can both inhibit 4T1 cell pro-liferation and induce cell apoptosis, and by regulating glucose transporter family gene expression, it interfered with cell energy metabolism, which infers that the effects of cell proliferation inhibition as well the apopto-sis induction might be due to the regulation of glucose transporter family gene expression.

Therapeutic effect of femoral acetabular impact syndrome under the hip arthroscopy and analysis of X-ray indicators / 中国内镜杂志

Objective?To analyze the clinical efficacy and related X-ray findings of patients underwent arthroscopic treatment of femoral acetabular impingement (FAI) syndrome with different anatomical features.?Methods?Twenty-four patients with FAI underwent arthroscopic surgery from September 2015 to December 2016 were selected to analyze the clinical features, postoperative pain, knee joint function, activity and complications.?Results?Compared with those before treatment, the visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of patients at 7 d, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment, while the Harris scores were significantly increased, at the same time patients’ knee activity was significantly increased, The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The α angle of the hip joint of the cam-type patient was significantly higher than that of the jaw-type, while the eccentricity, acetabular depth, acetabular coverage and centerline (CE) angle were significantly lower than the jaw-type, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); The α angle of the cam-type patient was significantly higher than that of the healthy person’s hip joint, and the eccentricity was significantly lower than that of the healthy person’s hip joint. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); the acetabular depth and hip of the clamp-type patient Radon coverage and CE angle were higher than those of hip joints in healthy people, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in acetabular anterior tilt between the three groups (P > 0.05). The incidence of complications in 24 patients underwent arthroscopy was 20.83%.?Conclusion?Hip arthroscopic treatment of hip impingement syndrome can shorten the patient’s pain relief, improve knee function and activity, its effect is good, and different hip anatomical X-ray film was significantly different.

Concept research of Zhishengquan / 军事医学

To update and improve the Chinese concept of Zhishengquan,a comparative analysis was made of the U.S. military terms and PLA military terms.Zhishengquan is re-defined as "command and superiority in the bio-domain".

Construction and application of a novel genetically engineered Aspergillus oryzae for expressing proteases

Background: We aimed to test the possibility of improving polypeptide production from soybean meal fermentation by engineered Aspergillus oryzae strains. Four different protease genes were cloned and transformed into wild-type A. oryzae, and the engineered A. oryzae strains were then used for soybean meal fermentation. Results: The results showed different degrees of improvement in the protease activity of the four transformants when compared with wild-type A. oryzae. A major improvement in the polypeptide yield was achieved when these strains were used in soybean meal fermentation. The polypeptide conversion rate of one of the four transformants, A. oryzae pep, reached 35.9%, which was approximately twofold higher than that exhibited by wild-type A. oryzae. Amino acid content analysis showed that the essential amino acid content and amino acid composition of the fermentation product significantly improved when engineered A. oryzae strains were used for soybean meal fermentation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cloning of microbial protease genes with good physicochemical properties and expressing them in an ideal host such as A. oryzae is a novel strategy to enhance the value of soybean meal.

Study of protein interaction based on the triplets combination pairs of the residue groups / 药学学报

The protein-protein interactions play an important role in life science. At present, many methods are developed with preferences of the amino acid residues, which do not offer the relative spatial information for the residue groups. However, the spatial information for the residue groups is important in the design of the protein-protein interactions. We proposed a new model, which is named ‘tri-prism’ model, by deep mining the existing protein-protein interaction patterns and refining the preference and the relative spatial information for the combination pairs of the residue groups. The model not only provided the preferences, but also offered the relative spatial information for the triplets combination pairs of the residue groups. The model was able to analyze the triplets combination pairs of the residue groups based on the preference factor, amino acid composition, and protein secondary structure. The model was applied to the interface of the PD-1/PD-L2 protein. According to the diversity characters of the composition and the spatial information between the combination pairs of the residue groups at the interface of the PD-1/PD-L2 protein and the predicted ones, we put forward the suggestions for the mutations of the residues, which offered a new view in the study of protein-protein interactions.